What can the 1995 crime thriller HEAT teach us about masculinity?

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My friend Richard D’Ambrosio, who publishes thoughtful essays on Substack under the handle Mindful Masculinitywrites about the challenges men face in trying to figure out what it means to be a man today. Traditional societal expectations aren’t always helpful, especially when they promote stoic attitudes at the expense of emotional connection. Don’t be a cowboy, Rich warns, pointing to the 1960 classic, The Magnificent Seven, whose characters come across to him as “loners,” undertaking dangerous low-paid work without clear rationale and expressing little visible emotional affect. Rich would advise young men not to glorify the tough guy stereotype, if that means repressing your feelings.[1]

Rich’s comment gave me a new perspective on the 1995 movie Heat, which portrays its male characters as so focused on the action, they end up without meaningful relationships. The film stars Al Pacino as LAPD detective Vincent Hanna and Robert De Niro as master thief Neil McCauley. The movie is famous for the scene in which the two characters come face-to-face at the iconic Beverly Hills restaurant Kate Mantilini – which was the first time ever the actors Pacino and De Niro appeared together in the same frame. Over coffee, cop and robber discover they share much in common – both are “totally self-aware” and “completely conscious,” in the words of director-writer Michael Mann. Indeed, he calls them “authors of their fate,” which sounds like a nod to psychologist Abraham Maslow’s concept of self-actualization.

Both characters are men of action. Mann describes them as “raw” and “wired” and devoid of illusions or self-deception. Indeed, he calls them “predators,” so focused on the chase that they have little time for or interest in relationships. Hanna teases McCauley for being a “monk,” then admits his own personal life is a “disaster zone.”

The movie is also famous for the sound of machinegun fire echoing through the canyons of downtown LA. This scene, which takes place when Hanna and his detectives intercept McCauley’s crew outside a bank, is thought to have inspired the North Hollywood Shootout, a real-world bank robbery that took place in 1997 in which the perpetrators wore body armor and employed automatic weapons.

Can a crime genre film offer useful guidance for contemporary men? Most people would say, probably notHEAT was snubbed by critics when first released in 1995.[2]

Yet the movie has stood the test of time. Today it’s considered a classic.

The final scene contains the key to the film’s message. Hanna chases McCauley across a runway at LAX and into a grassy field, where he guns him down, then holds McCaulley’s hand as the master thief loses consciousness and dies. It’s a gesture of sympathy and respect, all the more meaningful between adversaries, which plays to the hope we all have that human connection can ultimately transcend conflict. Indeed, the film champions connection, while acknowledging the real-world challenges to sustaining it.

In conceiving of the movie, Mann says he imagined the ending first, then wrote the rest of the story to propel the two protagonists toward this final “conjunction.” The plot’s inner logic presents a message which seems as relevant to men (and women) today as it was 31 years ago when the film was released, or a hundred years earlier during frontier days – relationships depend on making the right moral decisions.

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Hanna as Hunter

The film’s presumptive hero is Vincent Hanna, lieutenant of the elite robbery-homicide division of the LAPD, who’s presented as a relentless hunter — a paragon of those traditional male attributes which Richard cautions us not to glorify. Hanna is a fighter. He’s fast, ruthless, highly skilled, supremely disciplined, always in motion. We see him flying down the highway in pursuit of McCauley, whipping past cars in other lanes – cruising in a helicopter above LA’s nighttime skyline en route to an intercept — jogging down a flight of stairs after receiving an important message on his pager – processing new information nonstop and barking orders .

Hanna is so amped, it seems like he’s on stimulants. In interviews, the actor Al Pacino says he imagined Hanna as someone who “chipped” cocaine (i.e., used it episodically) and that Mann “egged him on” to make the character come across as bold, aggressive, flamboyant, and erratic. The original screenplay[3] contains a scene in which Hanna snorts crack in order to be at his mental peak during a critical meeting, but Mann said he cut that scene from the final version because “it might have sent the wrong message.”

Nonetheless, in the novel, Heat 2, which Mann published in 2022 as a prequel/sequel to the movie,[4] stimulants remain a motif. For example, as a young Marine fighting in Vietnam, Hanna gobbled government-issued dextroamphetamine pills like they were M&M’s – they turned his world “bright and aggressive and electric” and made him feel invulnerable. Years later, as an aging captain in LAPD, Hanna takes Adderall for the hit, the energy, the focus, and he’s described as rolling into work “pumped” on espresso.

Neither the movie nor the novel shows Hanna struggling with downside effects from this usage. Nor is he totally out of the norm, what with 85% of Americans taking caffeine, 7% taking prescription stimulants, and 3.5% illegal stimulants including cocaine.[5] We might interpret the passages linking Hanna with stimulants as a narrative trope — meant to signal the enormous energy he derives from pursuing bad guys.

Drawing Energy from Action

Both the cops and the criminals in HEAT are high-energy characters for whom the cliche, “adrenaline junky,” fits perfectly. Consider one of McCauley’s crew members, Michael Cerrito (played by Tom Sizemore), who’s described in the screenplay as “the nicest guy on the block and a loving father,” but also called out as a “cowboy” – “If you get in his way, he’ll kill you as soon as look at you.” In a pivotal scene, McCauley gathers his crew, reveals that LAPD is after them, and offers each man the chance to drop out of the bank score they’re planning to take down. Turning to Cerrito, McCauley practically begs him to walk, pointing to the strong relationship Cerrito enjoys with his wife Elaine and the fact he’s already accumulated plenty of money. Cerrito thinks about this for a moment, makes as if to speak, pauses, and then smiles. “I’m in,” he says — “for me, the action is the juice.”

Which is just as true for Hanna.

Hanna’s style is aggressive, theatrical, and sometimes erratic. He bullies informants to extract information, threatening and manhandling them. He struts around, shouting manically. At one point, he returns home to discover his wife with another man. He stifles the surprise and chokes back the anger. Then grabs a portable TV and storms out, as if to demonstrate that he has at least this as a claim on marital property. Tires squealing, he races off, then screeches to a stop at a traffic light – recognizes the ridiculousness of his action — opens the passenger door and kicks the TV out onto the pavement, to the bewilderment of pedestrians.

He may seem crazy, but Hanna remains strictly in control. Nowhere is this clearer than during the shootout at the LA bank. He’s racing after the crew as they flee on foot, firing single shots from his FN military rifle to avoid endangering innocent bystanders, ducking behind shelter when the crew returns fire on full auto. Separated from the rest of the crew, Cerrito runs through a shopping plaza, short-barreled M-16 brandished in one hand, a duffel bag full of cash strapped to his back. He jumps across a fountain, trips and falls in the shallow water, stands up and spots a five-year old girl, whom he grabs as a human shield while firing back towards the police. Hanna raises rifle to shoulder. Takes a deep breath and lets it out. Peers through the iron sights, waiting for Cerrito to spin around, then squeezes off a shot. The expression on Hanna’s face shows relief as Cerrito falls – tinged with astonishment that he pulled off such a difficult shot. It was a risky move, because he might have hit the girl or missed completely, prompting Cerrito to return fire at him or spray the crowds indiscriminately. But it was exactly the right risk-reward calculation, because to let a ruthless killer like Cerrito escape would have been unthinkable. Hanna rushes toward the fallen criminal, grabs the girl, and carries her away to safety.

Nowhere in the movie, or in the prequel/sequel Heat 2, do we see Hanna slip up, lose control, or make an obvious mistake. As odd as it seems for someone who’s so amped up, he is a paradigm of self-discipline.

Hanna’s Weakness is Relationships

When it comes to chasing bad guys, Hanna is extraordinary, but when it comes to sustaining relationships with women, he’s failing. Already divorced twice, he admits to McCauley during their fateful meeting that he’s “on the downslope” of marriage number three. In one of his essays, Rich D’Ambrosio cites survey data showing that women place a premium on emotional accessibility. Research finds that men with “emotional access deficits” are at risk of being expelled from romantic relationships.[6] Hanna could be a case study. When he arrives home late, four hours after she prepared dinner, his wife Justine (played by Diane Venora) asks how his day went. He declines to answer. The details are too gruesome.

At a party, his pager goes off, and he leaves her behind. Later, she confronts him about their relationship, telling him that he “has got to be present, like a normal guy, some of the time.” He gets curt. Refuses to share the angst. His mantra is “all I am is what I’m going after.” What he means by this is that he’s dedicated his life to his mission. He comes home late, or leaves a party early because he can’t afford to let up in the pursuit and risk losing the trail of the criminals he’s trying so hard to stop. He can’t allow people to be victimized. He dreams about the bloated bodies of murder victims, whom he couldn’t save; they stare at him, wordless. At the coffee meeting with McCauley, he feels a sympathetic connection with the master thief but warns him – “if it’s between you and some poor bastard whose wife you’re going to make into a widow, brother, you are gonna go down.”

Heat stands as a warning to anyone determined to succeed in a competitive career. You’d think Hanna could spare a few more minutes for his family, but the problem is that the criminals move fast. If McCauley’s willing to fly in 30 seconds, then Hanna has to do the same. This challenge faces people in all sorts of demanding careers. You’d think bankers, lawyers, investors, doctors, performers, entrepreneurs, executives, etc. could spend a few more minutes with their families, but that time could mean losing a client to the competition, missing an important trade, failing to get a project wrapped up on time and budget. In America today, researchers estimate that overall 41% of marriages end in divorce, with 60% of second marriages ending in divorce, and 73% of third marriages, and the US ranks as having the sixth highest divorce rate in the world.[7] It may well be that this data reflects the competitive nature of American culture, which emphasizes individual freedom and places a huge premium on career success. In this context, Hanna’s experience is more extreme than many, but once again, hardly out of the norm.

Part of the problem is that Hanna’s wife appears to be struggling with her own set of issues. Justine’s demands for Hanna to “be present” and “share” can be interpreted in different ways. Sharing feelings and vulnerabilities can be the cornerstone of an authentic, intimate relationship. But in some cases, demands to share feelings can represent a form of “emotional surveillance,” which is a control strategy triggered by deep-seated anxieties and an inability to trust the partner. Justine may be unwilling to respect the need for certain “boundaries” in a relationship.[8]

In the screenplay we learn that Justine spends a lot of time in therapy; indeed, she blames Hanna for forcing her to pay someone to figure out her life with him. She describes herself and her daughter as “not OK.” Admits to being “stoned on grass and Prozac.” Chooses to “demean” herself with a lover as a strategy to seek closure with Hanna. We don’t have enough backstory to understand her issues, but what’s interesting is how Mann uses drugs to draw a contrast between the two, with Hanna amped up on stimulants, while his wife is associated with sedatives and antidepressants. In the novel Heat 2, we find this same contrast in Hanna’s backstory, where his first wife took Prozac and drank heavily to deal with feelings of loneliness and a sense of failure. Mann seems to be drawing a contrast between those who move quickly through life, and those who cannot manage the energy.

For Hanna, these unfortunate circumstances create a moral conundrum. Where should he spend the next hour of his time to create a better moral outcome for the world – saving innocent victims by getting violent criminals off the street? Or trying to be present for a partner who may be struggling or confused?

These are difficult questions for anyone. Should we sacrifice relationships to reach for success? Or sacrifice success to sustain relationships? The moral calculus is complex, situation-dependent, and clouded with emotions. In competitive professions, both excitement and anxiety make it hard for people to slow down. Some relationships can flourish with just a little extra time. But others, sadly, are doomed, even when mental health professionals are brought in for support. HEAT’s message for men, as well as women, is to make these kinds of tradeoffs thoughtfully.

For McCauley, Discipline Precludes Attachments

Like Hanna, McCauley is high-energy and supremely competent, although instead of behaving flamboyantly, he acts discretely in order to blend in. Early in the movie, he’s standing watch outside a warehouse his crew is burglarizing. He takes a step backward into the shadows and literally disappears.

Military experience, jail time, and a life of crime have taught McCauley that discipline is non-negotiable. He summarizes his philosophy in a statement that represents one of the movie’s key themes – “Don’t let yourself get attached to anything you are not willing to walk out on in 30 seconds flat if you feel the heat around the corner.” The implication is simple – if you want to be successful in a life of crime, don’t let yourself get attached. It’s a minimalist philosophy taken to the extreme, and to illustrate this point, McCauley’s expensive ocean front house is barely furnished. In their coffee meeting, Hanna challenges him, asking would he walk out on a woman in 30 seconds if he felt the heat? To which McCauley responds, “That’s the discipline.”

Mann seems to feel equivocal about the character he created. In some interviews, he describes McCauley as too extreme, calling him a “rigid ideologue” and “somewhat sociopathic.” But elsewhere he takes pains to present McCauley as caring and sympathetic.

The viewer sees McCauley treating his crew fairly and with respect, and his attitude towards them goes beyond that of comrades in arms, for it’s clear that he cares about their families, too. When the crew goes out to dinner to celebrate their successes, McCauley picks up the tab, and his smiles are honest – he loves his people. Which is why, when the LAPD comes after them, he gives each crew member the option to bail on their next score, practically begging Cerrito to do so, citing his wife, Elaine, who takes good care of him.

McCauley’s sympathy comes across during the bank robbery, too, when clad in suit and ski mask and brandishing an automatic weapon, he orders the frightened customers to sit on the floor. Yet, in a measured voice, reassures them – “we’re here for the bank’s money, not yours.” Then tells anyone who feels sick or has heart trouble to lean back against the wall. Useful crowd control tactics for sure, but the screenplay describes his tone of voice as “nice,” and actor De Niro injects a sense of sincerity.

McCauley is presented as himself a victim of circumstances. In the novel HEAT 2, we learn that McCauley’s mother abandoned the family when he was three. Unable or unwilling to provide care, his father put Neil and his brother into foster care and disappeared from their lives. At age 18, Neil was arrested for a robbery and given the choice of prison or enlisting. Like Hanna, he fought as a Marine in Vietnam, but afterwards ended up in Folsom Penitentiary in Represa, California, spending years “in the hole,” meaning in solitary confinement, for reasons we do not know.

McCauley Falls in Love

A young woman named Eady sees him in a book store and approaches him, and after gruffly dismissing her advance, he softens. They end up talking at a restaurant, and she invites him to her apartment, where they admire the city’s nighttime lights. When he calls the next day, Eady worries that it was a one-night stand, but McCauley replies, “not for me it wasn’t.” The screenplay describes a “tenderness” in his touch, as if he and Eady were longtime lovers. It turns out that behind the rough exterior, there is someone who hungers for an intimate relationship.

He tells Eady, “I’m alone. I’m not lonely.” Which is an interesting phrase, calling to mind philosopher and theologian Paul Tillich, who characterizes the modern existential hero as being like the knight in Albrecht Dürer’s famous engraving, flanked by the devil on one side and death on the other — “He is alone but he is not lonely. In his solitude he participates in the power which gives him the courage to affirm himself in spite of the presence of the negativities of existence.”[9]

Or maybe McCauley really is quite lonely. In HEAT 2, the reader discovers that McCauley’s fear of attachments results from past trauma. Years ago, he had a lover who was also a member of his crew. He called her the “glory of my life.” Told her that after years in prison, she’d brought him “back to life.” The woman’s daughter recalled how the three of them felt like a family — “we were happy.” Unfortunately, a rival crew moved in on one of McCauley’s scores, encountered the woman, took her hostage. McCauley tried to save her, but in the ensuing shoot-out she was hit. She died in his arms. He blamed himself for her death. Realized that in his profession, attachment “gets people you love – killed.” Decided never to put another person at risk.

Even without the backstory, viewers of the movie appreciate that within this rigid man, there beats a tender heart. Now that he’s accumulated enough money, there’s finally a chance to turn his back on crime and start a new life with Eady. The camera shows them in his car, on the road to a private hangar at LAX where a charter jet is waiting to fly them to New Zealand and a new life together.

But then he throws this all away.

They’re almost to the airport, when a call comes in from the crew’s fence Nate (played by John Voight), confirming the flight is waiting for them — “You’re home free,” he says, then mentions casually that Waingro is staying at a nearby hotel under an assumed name. Waingro is the original catalyst for McCauley’s problems, because his bad actions during an armed robbery is what first attracted the LAPD. Nate adds “I figured you wouldn’t give a shit,” to which McCauley responds, “you figured right.”

The car travels through a tunnel, the overhead lights casting McCauley and Eady in a momentary glare. The camera zooms in on his expression — his eyes flicker, as he processes what Nate told him. He glances over at Eady, and a subtle smile lights his face. Then his eyes flicker again, and the mask comes down. His features contort back into De Niro’s trademark scowl, and he jerks the car onto an offramp.

Turning to Eady, he explains that he’s got to “take care of something.” Pulls into the utility area behind the hotel where Waingro is holed up. Tells Eady to stay there with engine running.

Why Did McCauley Have to Take Vengeance?

For McCauley, the decision to go after Waingro doesn’t end well, because it gives Hanna the chance to find him, leading to that final scene where Hanna guns him down, then holds his hand as he’s dying, in a gesture of sympathy and respect that transcends the strange relationship between two adversaries who share so much in common.

It may seem like a bad decision, prioritizing vengeance over love and life, but McCauley had no choice — or we could say that Mann had no choice but to make his character do this.

We met Waingro in the movie’s first action scene, where he joined McCauley’s crew to help with the takedown of an armored car. According to the screenplay, Waingro is a young man who’s already served in prison. He’s described as “anxious,” “trying hard to do good,” but he talks too much. He’s out of synch. Cerrito mutters, “stop talking, OK slick?”

The crew rams the armored car with a giant tow truck, blows open the back door with shaped charges, and drags out three security guards. Waingro is told to guard one of these men, who appears stunned from the explosion, but Waingro takes offense at something the guard says, or something Waingro imagines he’s saying – and shoots him point blank in the head.

This prompts the second guard to draw a pistol from a hidden ankle holster, forcing McCauley to open fire, and then McCauley gives the nod to Cerrito to kill the third man, because now that they’re on the hook for murder (not just armed robbery), it would be better not to leave any witnesses. A ruthless decision, but the correct risk-reward call.

Afterwards, McCauley is furious. The shootings were uncalled for. They only served to attract the attention of LAPD, including Hanna.

You could interpret Waingro as an agent of entropy – an example of how one thing going wrong can bring down chaos. Interestingly, Waingro is a considered a “cowboy” – that’s how he refers to himself, and that’s what Hanna calls him, too.

But there’s more to Waingro than recklessness or impulsiveness. We discover that he has a taste for underage prostitutes. Following one encounter, we watch as he turns to the unlucky woman and whispers, “Grim Reaper’s visiting with you.” Evidently, he is a serial murderer. If you look closely while he’s lounging on the bed, you can see an Aryan Brotherhood swastika tattooed on his stomach.

Waingro tracks down one of McCauley’s crew members, rapes and kills his wife, tortures the man until he reveals the crew’s plans for the bank robbery, and then tips off the police – resulting in the shoot-out at the bank.

To summarize, Mann went to great lengths to make Waingro a one-dimensional villain. You could call him the face of evil. For McCauley, it was a moral imperative to take him out, even if it meant risking everything.

McCauley’s Redemption

McCauley needed to be redeemed. Notwithstanding the trauma he grew up with and the sympathetic and loving side of his character, he has the ethos of a criminal – “if someone gets in my way, that’s their problem.” We can accept this attitude up to a point. However, by the time the movie is over, McCauley is responsible for the deaths of as many as 13 innocent people – 3 security guards from the armored car robbery, one of which he shot, and 1 detective, 6 policemen and 3 bystanders in the shootout at the bank. Plus he’s indirectly responsible for the death of two crew members during the shootout, as well as the crew member and wife whom Waingro killed. Not to mention that he and his crew killed various criminals.

Now, you could blame Waingro for catalyzing the chain of events that led to these bad outcomes, but McCauley is still liable under the principle of “proximate cause,” because as the leader of a highline crew, he should have understood (and no doubt did understand) that the nature of his activities could lead to harm.

There’s too much blood on his hands. Especially when the entire story is tied together by the final scene, in when Hanna extends that gesture of sympathy and respect.

Because this kind of gesture can only be extended from one hero to another. We would not want to see an evil character, like Waingro, holding the hand of someone he’d just shot (that would be sinister and disgusting). Nor would we want to watch Hanna holding someone like Waingro’s hand.

For Mann’s movie to end the way he wanted it to, McCauley had to make himself a worthy recipient of that powerful gesture. To redeem himself, he had to do something positive that would outweigh the damage he’d caused. Even if it meant risking the chance for a new life and happiness. Even if it meant losing everything.

Don’t Give Up Hope

Let’s heed Richard D’Ambrosio’s wise advice not to glorify the role of cowboy (or cowgirl for that matter), especially if the work involves real guns. You can still be the hero of your life story, however you choose to conceive of it, as long as you understand the sacrifices entailed in reaching for success and as long as you follow a moral code.

Towards the end of the movie, Hanna discovers Justine’s daughter in a bath tub, bleeding from self-inflicted cuts in the wrists and legs. “What a waste,” he shouts as he ties up her wounds and rushes her to the hospital, where Justine meets them. We see Hanna and Justine sitting in the waiting room, hugging each other for comfort. A doctor tells them the girl is stable and out of risk. Suddenly, Hanna’s pager goes off. This time, Hanna acts differently – he ignores the pager and stays focused on his wife. Justine looks at him and asks, “is there any way it could work out between us?” She seems to be reassessing the possibilities, weighing his shortcomings (limited emotional availability) against his strengths (just saved her daughter’s life). She tells him to go ahead and respond to the pager, affirming “I can handle this.” Tells him to be safe and to call her to let her know he’s OK. The next moment he’s flying down the stairs, on the way to that final confrontation with McCauley.

It’s an encouraging scene. Hanna and Justine together solved for the best possible outcome – daughter saved plus criminal stopped.

But if you read HEAT 2, you’ll find that the two end up divorced. Hanna tries to stay in touch, as he seems to have a real fondness for Justine. He listens as she lectures him that his energy is self-destructive, especially when amplified by stimulants. Eventually she stops taking his calls.

He’s able to stay in touch with Justine’s daughter. He calls to praise her for participating in a high school art show, hoping the positivity of this experience will pull her farther away from the “downward ride” which he senses is still out there. She sounds upbeat. The fist around his heart eases up by a millimeter or two.

“Love you,” he tells her. Then ends the call, “later, kiddo.”


[1] Richard D’Ambrosio, Don’t Let Your Sons Grow Up to Be Cowboys, Mindful Masculinity

Mindful Masculinity

Don’t Let Your Sons Grow Up to be Cowboys

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a month ago · 4 likes · 6 comments · Richard DAmbrosio

[2] https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a36208553/why-heat-could-be-the-greatest-oscars-snub-ever/

[3] The screenplay available online is dated March 3, 1994 and marked “For educational purposes only.” It is very similar to the final movie, although certain scenes have been cut, and the dialogue was modified in places, too. Accessed at https://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/Heat.pdf

[4] Co-written with Meg Gardiner and published in 2022

[5] Mitchell DC, Knight CA, Hockenberry J, Teplansky R, Hartman TJ. Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.042. Epub 2013 Nov 1. PMID: 24189158. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-last-normal-child/202304/in-the-united-states-of-adderall. https://drugabusestatistics.org/

[6] Wade TJ and Mogilski J (2018) Emotional Accessibility Is More Important Than Sexual Accessibility in Evaluating Romantic Relationships – Especially for Women: A Conjoint Analysis. Front. Psychol. 9:632. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00632

[7] https://www.wf-lawyers.com/divorce-statistics-and-facts/

[8] 2 Ways to Guard Against Emotional Surveillance in a Relationship: When emotional availability starts to feel like you’re being watched. Psychology Today, March 18, 2026. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/social-instincts/202603/2-ways-to-guard-against-emotional-surveillance-in-a-relationship and Women Wanting Emotionally Available Men is a Lie. The World’s “Happiest” Medium Nov 25, 2024 https://medium.com/@theworldshappiestpodcast/women-wanting-emotionally-available-men-is-a-lie-2000b49d5528

[9] Tillich, Paul. The Courage to Be (The Terry Lectures Series) (p. 161). Yale University Press. Kindle Edition.

What can the 1995 crime thriller HEAT teach us about masculinity?

Barefoot Peak-bagging in Harriman-Bear Mountain

For many years, I looked down my nose at the modest mountains of Harriman State Park.  My attitude was, like, I’m busy, I can’t be bothered.  Instead, I focused on the Catskill Mountains, which are tall and rugged, and which I knew intimately from completing a peak-bagging project there called “the Grid.”[1]  Inspired by that experience, I ventured farther afield, until I’d reached every single summit on the Appalachian Mountain Club’s list of 111 Northeastern 4,000-footers, comprising the high peaks of New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine.[2]  For longer vacations, I headed west, climbing mountains in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado, including a handful of 14,000-footers.

I ignored Harriman until the day I irritated the meniscus in my left knee.  Why, the knee stung so bad I could hardly walk a mile.  The physical therapist told me to be careful – for people my age, the surgery might set me up for arthritis and a knee replacement — better to take it easy for a while and work on strengthening the glutes.  My sports doc prescribed a week’s worth of anti-inflammatories, told me to come back in a month, which I never did because the knee started feeling better.

Nonetheless, this episode prompted an evolution in my thinking.  Maybe, as an aging athlete, writing off Harriman had been shortsighted.  After all, mountains are products of endurance – what you see is what’s left after millions of years of erosion.  In this regard, a smaller stature means the mountain is older and therefore deserving of more respect, not less.  In the case of Harriman, the bedrock dates from the Precambrian age; it’s estimated to be 1.1-1.3 billion years old. 

Furthermore, since I hike barefoot, even a tiny mountain can present an athletic challenge.  If the trails are steep and rocky, or if off-trail routes take me through thick brush, then the going gets difficult quickly, and my pace decelerates until it feels like I’m hardly moving.  Placing naked feet on rough ground demands agility, balance, and total focus, even for short distances.

As the meniscus was healing, I pulled out a map of Harriman and studied the topography.  Found a 15-mile route that would bag me seven (7) separate peaks, starting with Black Rock Mountain (1,381 feet) and ending with Pine Swamp Mountain (1,165 feet).  I got out there on November 10, 2024 and had a lovely time.  Recognized another advantage of hiking smaller mountains – the temperatures are warmer at lower elevations, which means that short mountains offer a longer season for barefooting.  Over the next two years, Harriman became my go-to destination during late fall and early spring, when the Catskills were dripping ice and piled with snow. 

Eventually I came up with the idea for a special project – to climb each of the 67 named peaks in Harriman and its neighbor Bear Mountain State Park.  With the ascent of Mount Aramah (1,422 feet) on May 8, 2026, I have completed this goal.  Along the way I received a special message which I would like to share with you.

The Specifics

But first, for the benefit of my fellow peak-baggers, let me clarify this project’s key parameters.  To start with, I couldn’t find an “official” list of mountains for Harriman and Bear Mountain.  Instead, I scanned maps produced by the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, looking for peaks labeled with names.  Cross-checked these on the Gaia hiking app, which is populated with data from OpenStreet Map, a collaborative open-source project, and in certain cases referenced mountain-oriented websites like peakbagger.com.  I shared my list with Harriman enthusiasts on Facebook, one of whom pointed out that I’d missed Mount Aramah (sometimes spelled Orama), a peak with an unappealing reputation.  Its true summit is capped with a radio tower and water tank, it takes a long bushwhack to reach, offers no views, and is reportedly frequented by poachers.[3]  With some reluctance, I added Aramah to the list for number 67. 

Now, if you study the maps, you can find more than sixty-seven named geographical features in Harriman, but I have high standards, even when taking on short mountains.  Specifically, I excluded features whose name contains the word “hill.”  Such as Cranberry Hill, Horn Hill, High Hill, Big Hill, North Hill, South Hill, Hemlock Hill, Summer Hill, Turkey Hill, and Raccoon Brook Hill, among others.[4]  A “mountain” earns its status because of the special feeling the place evokes.  A feeling that inspires someone to go there and give the place a name.  We appreciate hills, too, but there isn’t the same magic.

By alpine standards, the mountains in Harriman-Bear Mountain are modest, averaging only 1,154 feet in elevation.  The tallest is Black Mountain at 1,465 feet.  The shortest is Poor Fawn Mountain at 808 feet.  You don’t need mountaineering gear to reach the summits – you just walk along a trail, or in some cases cut through the forest, high-stepping in places where the blueberry scrub is thick and scratchy and sometimes ducking through twisty stands of tree-sized mountain laurel.  There is a single exception – ropes are draped over the rocks on the way to the 942-foot summit of Popolopen Torne, which overlooks the US Army Military Academy at West Point.  The ropes are helpful in scrambling up a handful of outcroppings, but they aren’t strictly necessary — you can get to the top without using them. 

To summarize, the project took me two years six months and totaled 188 miles of barefoot walking and 45,282 feet of cumulative elevation gain.  This may sound like a lot of climbing (roughly four times the climb from base camp to the top of Mt. Everest), but elevation gain per peak averaged only 533 feet, and only 247 feet per mile. 

Impressions

So, what was it like to climb so many mountains in Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks without shoes?  Let me share a patchwork quilt of impressions.  There are the quiet grassy knolls.  The open forests of oak, maple, pine, cedar, and hemlock.  The endless blueberry scrub.  The low clouds and valley fog of late fall and early spring, with splashes of sunlight when least expected.  The prickly grey lichen-speckled slabs which sit atop the summits, often capped with a glacial “erratic” – a big block dragged by ice from somewhere else. 

The long ridges run north-northeast/south-southwest, separated by glacial U-shaped valleys.  In the bottomlands lie lakes, swamps, marshes, and stands of common reed.  From vantage points on the eastern and southern ramparts, the New York City skyline shimmers along the horizon, some forty miles to the south, its pencil-thin towers looking alien and vaguely insectoid, as if belonging to some kind of hive. 

If I was going to use a single word to describe the peaks of Harriman, that word would be quiet.  Or still.  Maybe this feeling relates to the great age of this place and its ancient bedrock.  Or maybe the mountains feel this way to me because going barefoot is so slow.  Where the trails are smooth, I can reach 2 MPH, according to my GPS watch, but where they are steep and rocky, or when pushing through brush, my pace drops to 1 MPH or below.  Interestingly, this feeling of stillness does not manifest for me at other speeds.  When running on roads, I feel exhilaration.  Driving on the highway is monotonous.  When I’m engaged in sedentary work, the world does not feel quiet or still, nor does it when I’m lounging.  Maybe there’s something special about barefoot speed.  After all, it is a natural pace, and maybe a natural pace helps one get back in synch with Nature.

Although my sense of stillness waivers when the wind picks up.

Like that cool morning last November, when I was following a footpath up the ridge toward Stockbridge Mountain (1,319 feet), sauntering cheerfully across grassy knolls and through an oak forest of tawny ocher and burnt orange — when suddenly the wind picked up. It rolled in from the west without warning, jostled the treetops, roared like a squadron of cargo jets. I zipped my jacket tighter, feeling anxious, recognizing in the rough gusts the angry sound of winter.

Listening to the Wind on Big Bog Mountain

Earlier this year, on an unseasonably warm day in March, I hiked out five miles to Big Bog Mountain (883 feet), starting with a quarter mile on the prickly pavement of a road that was still closed for the season.   It took me a moment to locate the unmarked path, then I splashed off into a rivulet, stepped across slick black rocks, padded through beds of peat moss, scrambled uphill until a marked path materialized in front of me.  I crossed through a shady area with a few banks of snow still lingering, which chilled my naked feet where they punched through, before cresting a small rise and here the ground was dry and covered in soft fallen leaves.  Yellow blazes led me through a shadowy forest of pine and hemlock and down into a valley where there flowed a creek whose water was so perfectly transparent that I could distinguish each leaf, stone, and pebble lying on the bottom.  My map showed the summit of Big Bog atop a modest rise a short distance off trail.  I strode uphill through layers of dry leaves rustling underfoot and high-stepped through blueberry scrub, the leafless twigs scratching the tops of my feet, until I reached a block of rock sitting upon a slab, which marked the summit. 

The trees were leafless, so early in the season.  The afternoon sun illuminated the forest floor with a cheerful glow, while a warm breeze poured across the summit.  Part of me wanted to hang out and enjoy the scene, but another part was thinking of the five-mile return journey and worrying about the time.

I’d recently read some chapters of the Navajo Emergence Story (Diné Bahane’) and now I thought of Níłchʼi, the Navajo wind spirit, who is described as offering good advice to those who keep an open ear.  So I tossed out a question – having gotten a late start, and seeing as it was now mid-afternoon, would it be OK to hang out here for a little bit?  How about five minutes?

An answer came to me immediately, as if born upon the breeze — in my mind I pictured a curt nod.  My interpretation — when in the mountains, no matter how modest their stature, stay focused on the mission.  Keep an eye on the time.  A short break would be OK, but don’t linger. 

The gesture felt a little curt, though.  Níłchʼi is probably busy, I thought to myself.  He might not have a lot of time for such a minor question.  

But the message didn’t seem unfriendly.  The Navajo Holy People must recognize that aging hikers can feel fragile.  Our strength ebbs and injuries accumulate and what once was easy now takes effort.  Especially those of us who bare our soles to the prickles of the terrain, which is a humbling practice. 

For what it’s worth, the advice not to tarry was sound.  By the time I got home, it was late.  That evening I felt uncharacteristically edgy.  Skipped dinner.  Went to bed fretting about aches and pains. Woke up around midnight with a sore throat.  Felt off the next day.  The day after that, however, I was fine.

Good Medicine

Tom Brown, Jr., was a naturalist, tracker, survivalist, and author who grew up in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, which are situated, incidentally, not far from Harriman (about an hour and a half to the south).  In his memoirs, Tom explained that positive experiences in nature can be considered a form of “good medicine.”[5]

Good medicine announces its presence in the form of “marvelous sights, wondrous happenings,” which are signs that nature is showing you favor.  Good medicine appears when you are totally engrossed in nature, not when you are marching around in your city personality.  Good medicine can be considered a gift from the spirit-that-moves-through-all things.  Sometimes it is powerful enough to change how you think about the world. 

Tom learned about good medicine from Stalking Wolf, who was the grandfather of Tom’s friend and neighbor, Rick.  Stalking Wolf was a member of the Lipan Apache people.  Stalking Wolf seemed to always know what was happening, Tom remembered, as if he had “ears and eyes all over his body.” 

Stalking Wolf taught Tom and Rick to move through the forests silently.  To find their way.  To track.  To stalk.  To become invisible.  To become so still that animals would not see them.  One day, he mentioned that “cold wind is your brother” – then asked why were they treating him as an enemy?  To help the boys appreciate this lesson, Stalking Wolf had Tom and Rick strip down to shorts and sneakers and walk home five miles in a snow storm.  This would teach them to never again feel cold.

One summer, Stalking Wolf sent them on a vision-quest.  Each boy was to venture out to a remote section of the Pine Barrens, there to camp alone for a week, subsisting only on what he could find or catch.  Afterwards the boys were to return and meet Stalking Wolf at a certain tree at high noon and tell him what they had experienced.  This exercise was supposed to teach them never to be afraid.

Tom recalled a sense of relief after this week alone, for he felt he’d done something hard, and he also appreciated the sense of independence he’d earned.  However, he felt a little disappointed, too, as he walked back to rendezvous with Stalking Wolf, since he hadn’t experienced anything remarkable enough to qualify as a “vision.”  He was almost back to the meeting place when he noticed the light coming in “slantwise through the cedar skeletons in long flat blades.”  Then he spotted a short steep waterfall surrounded by mist.  Beside the falls, hidden by a semicircle of bushes, a small tan fawn was lying on a bed of moss.  The scene was magical.  “The light came down on it like a spotlight and some of it hit the waterfall and burst into star-shaped rainbows.”  He recalled feeling both greatly honored and greatly humbled.  The scene shown with “a perfect rightness, like a flawless motion,” like some pattern working its way toward “complete perfection.”  He wrote that the beauty made him cry.  Years later, he recalled how the experience touched him in a way that shaped him ever since.

No doubt Tom felt an affinity for all the living creatures in the forest, but he seems to have been especially close to the deer.  Once Stalking Horse took him and Rick out at night to teach them to track animals in darkness.  Tom lay in the grass, alert but perfectly still, “without thoughts or sensations other than just being,” until a buck approached so close its silhouette blocked the stars.

Later, when Tom was a teenager, he came upon the work of poachers, who had killed and quartered several deer, taking the hindquarters and shoulders, which were valuable, and leaving behind the other body parts in pools of blood, sinews, veins, and matted fur.  By the time he tracked the poachers to a cabin, he’d found a dozen carcasses, butchered and mutilated.  Filled with a sudden madness, he kicked in the cabin’s cinderblock wall, knocked down three of the poachers as the fourth fled in terror, grabbed a shotgun and smashed it to pieces, all the time screaming, “You killed my deer!  You killed my deer!”  Coming to his senses, he fled, leaving the cabin in ruins — then stopped and tore off a piece of his shirt, stuffed it down the gas tank of the poachers’ truck, and pulled out some matches.  In a daze, he stumbled off down the road as the truck exploded behind him.

Wind Spirits

I often thought of Tom’s story during my Harriman hikes.  Especially when I followed deer trails through the brush, spotted their droppings, sometimes saw a flashing white tail as an animal bounded off into a stand of laurel.  Sometimes I’d creep up quietly and if the wind was right, stand for a moment and watch them grazing from ten or fifteen yards away. 

Stalking Wolf’s lesson about cold wind also stuck with me.  I, too, had done cold weather training, such as going shirtless in the winter, similar to what Stalking Wolf had had Tom and Rick do on that five-mile snowy march. But even so, the truth is I’m a warm weather guy.  Rarely do I feel too hot, whereas I get chilled easily.  Maybe that’s just a part of getting older.

One day it occurred to me that the cold wind must be a cousin of the Navajo wind-spirit, Níłchʼi – or perhaps they are one and the same.  Indeed, some research revealed that the Apache wind god is called Nilchídilhkizn, meaning “Chief of the Winds.”  The two names are so similar because the Apache and Navajo are closely-related Athabaskan-speaking peoples, who originated in the frigid wind-swept steppes of Siberia and Mongolia and crossed the Bering Strait into Alaska some 10,000 years ago. Incidentally, the Apache are careful never to complain about the wind, lest they anger Nilchídilhkizn and bring on violent storms. 

Good Spring Mountain

On a brisk spring day in mid-March, I walked along a paved road that led in the direction of Good Spring Mountain until I came upon a collection of cabins and signs that said “stay out.” So I veered into the woods.  Now I’m high stepping through the blueberry brush, lifting and placing each foot carefully among the scratchy twigs.  And here’s a band of mountain laurel with wavy trunks reaching overhead, which I weave between, while ducking beneath the sprays of shiny dark green leaves.  The map shows a steep climb ahead, which I’m nervous about, fearing the slope will be cluttered with rocks and deadfall.  Suddenly, a mossy trail materializes beneath my feet and wafts me to the summit.  Down below, views of lake Kanawauke, still iced over.  The wind flows gently through the leafless trees.  This is good medicine.

Good Medicine for Walt Whitman

There is also “bad medicine.”  As a young man, Tom Brown, Jr. worried about “a bad medicine death.”  He looked around and saw people dying from boredom or insignificance.  Or getting killed by accident or by drunken idiots.  And then there was Cancer.  Heart attack.  Emphysema.  Stroke.

In 1875 at age 56, the poet Walt Whitman suffered a stroke.  Whitman was the “poet of Democracy,” the poet who sang of the open road, who sang of the self, who sang the body electric.  I first became interested in Whitman when I thru-ran the Long Path,[6] a 350-mile trail in New York whose name, short for the Long Brown Path, was derived from the first stanza of Whitman’s poem, “Song of the Open Road.”  I did not suffer a stroke when I turned 56, but at that point in my life I was struggling with running injuries, which were starting to turn chronic. In the face of adversity, Whitman struck a “matter-of-fact” attitude; his equanimity was inspiring to me. 

While convalescing from the stroke, Whitman moved in with his brother, who lived on a farm outside Philadelphia.  There Whitman worked on his health by taking walks along quiet country lanes.  He had a favorite creek, where he would often retire, strip off his clothes, sometimes wrestle with a sapling for some moderate exercise, sometimes just sit their naked, taking in the scene.  In his memoirs, Whitman attributed his partially-restored health to the fact that he had been “almost two years, off and on, without drugs and medicines, and daily in the open air.”

The favorite creek was fed by a spring, whose currents poured over two or three little cascades while meandering through a depression filled with bushes, trees, grass.  Whitman sat among the dangling green leaves and watched “the dark smoke-color’d clouds roll in furious silence athwart the sky.”  He listened to the wind, which kept up a “hoarse, soothing music over my head—Nature’s mighty whisper.”

The afternoon wore on.  Evening approached.  Whitman rose.  Put on his clothes.  Hobbled up the lane towards his brother’s house, where he saw “an incomparable sunset shooting in molten sapphire and gold, shaft after shaft, through the ranks of the long-leaved corn.”

This was good medicine.  When the sunlight comes slicing in diagonally in shafts or blades, it is almost always good medicine.

“Never before did I get so close to Nature,” Whitman remembered in his memoirs.  “Never before did she come so close to me.”

Many years after my Long Path thru-run, I visited Whitman’s gravesite in Camden, New Jersey, where I found on his tombstone a final message of encouragement.  The carved words said that he had bequeathed himself to the dirt, to grow with the grass, and that if you needed his guidance, to look beneath your feet.[7]

Limekiln and Panther Mountains

After a navigating a painful gravel-strewn parking lot, a rocky path beneath a set of power lines, and a steep climb along a heavily-eroded forest road, I was finally nearing the summit of Limekiln (1,122 feet), when I encountered a barrier of gray branches, twisted, scratchy, and unyielding.  Scrub oak.  Nasty stuff in my experience.  I found a route around the tangle, swished through soft yellow grass, crossed a barren slab, and then my feet sank into a luscious bed of emerald moss.  Up ahead lay the summit, a pile of rocks a few feet high.  But the way was blocked – more scrub oak – in fact, the nasty gray branches encircled the rock pile completely.  Even worse, upon inspection I discovered some sort of brier entangled with the oak, the vines adorned with shark tooth thorns and tendrils curled around the oak branches, cinching everything into place with no way to dislodge the stuff.  A “real” mountaineer does not stop short of the summit, even if it is only a few feet away.  There was no choice but to push through.  A moment later, I was sitting on the top, feet covered with scratches and bleeding from a cut or two.  But I’d made it, scratched another peak off the list, and now had only to make it out alive.

The payback for this struggle was a pleasant trail which whisked me over to Panther Mountain (1,096 feet), where I stood on a rock and scanned the wide-open views, enjoying a splash of sun.  From there a grassy trail shepherded me back down to the trailhead, which I reached just as rain began to fall.

A few days later on Blauvelt Mountain (1,165) — this time the obstacle was monster berry brambles that ringed the summit, the thick red canes hanging in great arcs and bristling with hairy spikes.  The kind of spikes that can grasp shirts and trousers and hold you up — or tear the fabric if you struggle.  I found a way to slink through without getting sliced to shreds, or stepping on the stuff and resolved henceforth to carry a pair of garden clippers in my pocket for self-defense.

Special Light

Tom Brown, Jr. wrote that when he moved just right – “when the precision of my training blended perfectly with the patterns around me” – he would catch out of the corner of his eye a glimmer of special light.  “A faint halo of the glory” that had come to him during his vision of the fawn.  Possibly the “bright shadow” of the spirit-that-moves-through-all-things.

The first weekend in April found me walking under brilliant skies on the trail to Nordkop Mountain (894 feet), a sentinel along Harriman’s southeastern rampart.  The sunshine lit up the ridge and the gravelly road beneath some power lines.  The energy was scintillating.  Until I crested a knob, and the sun slipped behind the clouds – and suddenly the wind came whipping in from the west.  It was my brother, cold wind, come to roughhouse with me in the way that older siblings sometimes do, pushing and tumbling more aggressively than the smaller children appreciate.  I was chilled so quickly, I had to stop, fumble in my pack, and pull out an extra sweater and a windbreaker.

Then the wind paused, the sun came out again, and I began to cook beneath my layers. 

The summit of Nordkop lay in the middle of an open field, the right-of-way for a gas pipeline.  Here the wind was howling, while the sun beamed down upon a field of tall parched grass waving vigorously.  I climbed up on the lichen-speckled glacial erratic that marked the top and sat there for a moment, before resuming my slow trek.

During the four long miles to Cobius Mountain (1,151 feet), wind and sun alternated, chilling and warming me in turn, while the flashes of light were energizing and the somber gray shadows disheartening.  I soldiered slowly on, feeling hungry and low on gas, accepting flux as part of my fate.  That evening, I curled up by the fireplace.

A few days later, it was sunny again and nearly 60 F, but even so cold wind came rushing across the summit of Car Pond Mountain (1,020 feet), where I’d taken a group out for an introductory barefoot hike.  Fearing that the blast would discourage them, I shepherded the group down the backside, but halfway down the slope, conditions were completely different — the air was calm, the sun relentless, and the heat was suddenly oppressive. 

Later that day, I bushwhacked to the top of Poor Fawn Mountain, weaving through a bright green jungle of Japanese barberry which had sprouted on the soggy forest floor.  From the top, I decided to take a short cut to Fox Mountain (919 feet) which entailed butt-sliding down a steep slope slippery with dead leaves. During the descent, I spotted a brood of young brambles poking from the leaves.  Veered left to avoid them.  Reached out to grab the thick grey stalk of some dead bush or tree, only to jerk back my hand — the stalk was studded with vicious spines.  Later I would identify this as Devil’s Walking Stick (Aralia spinosa), a native tree growing 15-25 feet tall, notorious for bark, leaves, and stems all bristling with prickers.

When I finally made it to Fox Mountain, my brother the wind was waiting for me.  I knew better than to complain, instead pulled on my windbreaker and retreated.

We Need the Winds to Stir our Thoughts

The challenge isn’t just the temperature, but the turbulence, for wind rarely flows in a smooth and even manner.  Rather it comes splashing through the forest, casting off eddies and vortices which whirl around and shake the trees — and make me feel uneasy. 

Arguably, the trees need that shaking.  They evolved in the presence of wind, as is evident in the balance between strength and flexibility characteristic of their architecture.  It may be the case that people, too, need to be shaken.

In addition to being a poet, Walt Whitman was a fitness influencer.  In a series published in 1858 under the title “Manly Health and Training,” he advocated for physical exercise, cautioned against sedentary indoors lifestyles, and described fresh air as the “great antiseptic.”  Influenced by his advice, I leave my bedroom window wide open all year long. So now, I’m leaned back against pillow, peering out the window at a grove of maples on the slope across the creek, watching as the slender branches sway – when suddenly a big gust barrels in. How the trees twist and thrash!  A moment later, the wind has leapt across the creek, and now it comes rushing against the house, grappling with the Norway Spruce outside my window, until its long limbs are bobbing and weaving and whipping the dangling branchlets around in hieroglyphic patterns.  And then a puff of air pushes in through the window and brushes my face.

As I’m contemplating this dramatic scene, a memory of my grandfather Roy comes to mind.  How when I was five or six, he took me by the hand and walked me out to the grove of woods behind his house, pointed to the trees, said simply, “this is nature.” I remember, too, how he used to strip off his shirt with a big grin, and strike a body builder’s pose, make his bicep muscles bulge and jump – how we kids laughed! In later years, he’d lean back at the dinner table, watching closely but letting others do the talking.

These memories are important because I’m a grandpa now.  Thank you, brother, for reminding me.

The Final Countdown

I’d been making steady progress on my Harriman project, and now there were only a handful of the 67 peaks left to climb. 

The weather turned.  There were a couple of days at 90 F. I felt like I could relax. A quarter-mile trail leads from the parking lot to a road, on the far side of which an unmarked footpath takes me a quarter-mile to the summit of Pole Brook Mountain (1,181).  My watch shows 144 feet of climbing.  Which would be like 10 floors in an office building, just not as steep.

Later that day, the walk to Flaggy Meadow Mountain (1,086 feet) isn’t much longer, although the bushwhacking is more difficult.  As I near the summit ridge, I see from my phone that I’ve veered slightly west.  To reach the top, I’ll have to walk a quarter-mile across the broad flat summit ridge.  A sudden intuition — there might be a lot of blueberry scrub up there.  Sure enough, as I gain the crest, I look out across an ocean of pale green brush full of scratchy twigs with tiny leaves unfurling, and here it’s growing waist-high.  With shoes on, you could barrel through the stuff, I suppose.  I do carry shoes for back-up, but the whole point of this special Harriman project is to climb the 67 peaks barefoot, so the shoes stay in my pack.  With a sigh, I wade out into the scratchy mess.  Aim my feet for occasional barren spots.  Scan for deer paths but to no avail.  Creep along at a dismal pace trying not to catch twigs between my toes.  After an eternity I check my phone and see the slight rise I’ve reached is a false summit, with the “true” one still hanging out there in the distance, an imperceptible foot or two above. 

By the time I reached the official summit, I was wore out.  Frustrated.  Getting sort of desperate and cranky.  On the way down, however, I stumbled upon a ring of rocks, which someone must have dragged into a circle to shield their campsite from cold wind.  How interesting!

By the first of May, fresh young leaves were billowing upon the trees in soft green clouds tinged with brown and faint red.  But the trail to Pine Meadows Mountain (1,115 feet) was full of rocks, and it took forever getting there. Then I had to step off trail and fight through a band of aspen, green leaves fluttering in the breeze, interspersed with dying pine trees whose long stiff branches barred the way.  I zigged and zagged through the stuff, clambered up an outcropping, emerged onto a series of open slabs.  Now I’m crunching along on a layer of grey-green lichen which feels like sawdust underfoot, interspersed with deep beds of haircap moss. 

The climb to Horse Meadow Mountain (1,066 feet) was initially quite steep, with a mix of laurel and blueberry for handholds, but once I’d gotten over the shoulder, I found deer paths galore, which took me through the tangles straight to the summit.  Thank you, deer!  Thank you, Tom Brown, Jr., for looking out for them!  On the way back to the trailhead — a glimpse of black as a young bear slips into the brush. A flock of wild turkeys pecking their way through the forest, keeping their distance.  Purple violets and small yellow cinquefoil flowers dotting the ground.  The still dark waters of Pine Meadow Lake so gentle and welcoming, the trees and laurel and blueberry on the far shore so fluffy and soft, while by my feet lies a fire ring upon an open slab, as if there might be something to be said for the concept of sitting still and watching.  Camping out.  Catching a fish and cooking it on the fire and sleeping underneath the milky way.  Call it stationarity and maybe this is the next level up for me, something to aspire to in future years.

By the way, the final peak in my quest, Mount Aramah, was a weird mix of things, but on a positive note, I found a parking spot on the map which cut the hike to 5.5 miles roundtrip.  For self-defense against brambles, I carried my garden clippers.  For self-defense against poachers, I thought of sticking a .45 automatic inside my belt, but as it turned out I did not encounter criminals or see any mutilated carcasses.  I showed up on a Friday afternoon, after some business calls.  Had to dash across a highway with relentless impatient weekend traffic moving at high speed.  From there it’s all bushwhack, starting with the familiar routine of high-stepping through blueberry, as I edge along the shoulder of a ridge to keep above a swamp.  Sudden spatter of cold rain.  I cross into a remote valley, far from any trails, where the forest floor is strangely clear of brush — thank you for the openness.  Ahead of me, a band of small trees, which, to my surprise, are blueberry bushes growing eight feet tall, something I’ve never seen before.  I emerge onto a gritty road, approach a maintenance shed marked “restricted area,” veer into the woods.  Cross a swampy swale choked with barberry, dance around a cane of multi-flora rose covered with small daggers, emerge into another draw where the forest floor is once again strangely open — and here’s an abandoned road, with barberry bushes sprouting through the surface, and covered with beautiful moss so soft to step upon.  The final climb is steep, but the blueberry grows here sparsely and only ankle high, and as I near the summit, to my astonishment, there’s an open field of wavy green grass — I soft-foot across, hear a snort, look up, see two deer bounding.  The last steps take me onto an open grassy summit, past gray stalks which I know not to grasp.  Why, all my friends are here to cheer for me on this, the final mountain of my Harriman-Bear Mountain quest! 

At the top, the sun is out, and the air is still.  The typical lichen-dusted slabs. A patch of steeplebush topped with brown flowerheads left from last year.  There’s a radio tower, observatory, and water tank, marked with no-trespassing signs. Glimpses of a lake below, through the foliage.  A whisper of traffic sounds from the highway.  It turns out that Aramah is a friendly place, with that special feeling of stillness that comes with elevation and age.

Message Received, Over

If cold wind is my older brother, then I suppose the blueberry is a sibling, too, and the brambles, briers, barberry, multi-flora rose, mountain laurel, aspen groves, and Devils Walking Stick are friends and other relatives. 

Did I mention ticks?  With the weather finally warming, these tiny creatures started appearing on my pants and arms and then later in my Jeep and even in the house.  Ticks are understandably unpopular because they transmit the dreaded Lyme disease, but they are nature’s babies, too, and there’s no point hating them.  I used to drive my ex-wife crazy, when I’d find one inside – “kill it!” she’d shriek – but instead I’d carry the tiny black squiggling speck outdoors and release it in the wild.

This message which I have received is so intriguing.  A message which evidently originated with the Athabaskan people, who lived 10,000 years ago on the wind-swept steppes of Siberia and Mongolia.  (I picture them dressed in skins, in winter temperatures of -50 F, lying in wait for caribou.)  They passed this message down to Stalking Wolf of the Lipan Apache and he taught Tom Brown, Jr., the famous survivalist and tracker, who shared it in his memoirs.  The message reads — don’t waste energy fighting nature.  Instead, accept nature in all its forms.  The cold wind.  The thorns and spikes.  The rocks and sticks underfoot and the slow pace they necessitate.  The passage of time and the accumulation of aches and pains which is part of the aging process.  All these things plus the light and stillness that well out of the forest when the wind is not too rough.

Isn’t it amazing that this signal penetrated the noise and entropy of the modern world and reached all the way to me. 

Or maybe everyone already knows this.  After all, Whitman’s message was basically the same, and my Grandpa Roy tried to teach me about nature, too.

One night I’m lying in bed, window open besides my bed, letting my imagination roam, and suddenly I’m sitting in a fine Parisian café, sipping a cappuccino.  Seated on my left is Stalking Horse, reaching for a breadstick.  Whitman is on my right, the breeze gently tussling his long white beard.  Tom Brown, Jr. sends his regrets – he has a conflict and couldn’t make it. 

I want to ask them about so many things.  About aging with grace.  Climate.  Conservation.  Community.  About how to be a warrior.  A leader.  A scout.  How to be a good father and grandpa.

Mist rises off the Seine and drifts across the scene. I stare at Stalking Wolf and Whitman, but they cannot hear my questions. It seems the transmission channel operates in only one direction.

In closing, let me go on record recommending the modest mountains of Harriman-Bear Mountain as an excellent place to practice moving naturally.  All 67 of them.

“There are mountains hidden in treasures. There are mountains hidden in swamps. There are mountains hidden in the sky. There are mountains hidden in mountains. There are mountains hidden in hiddenness.”

— Eihei Dogen, “Mountains and Rivers Sutra”


[1] The Grid consists of climbing each of the Catskills’ 35 high peaks in each month of the year, for a total of 420 climbs.  I told the story of this adventure in Chasing the Grid: An Ultrarunner’s Physical and Spiritual Journey in Pursuit of the Ultimate Mountain Challenge.

[2] Recounted in Kenneth Posner, “Barefooting the Northeast 111,” Appalachia, Summer/Fall 2025.

[3] The 67 peaks include two mountains whose true summits sit on private property but where there is a nearby bump of similar magnitude on public land.  In the case of Mount Amarah, the true peak of 1,426 feet is on private property, but a second peak only 4 feet lower in elevation sits on public land less than 200 feet away.  The other peak in this category is Long Mountain, whose true peak sits on West Point land, but whose secondary peak on public land is only 15 feet lower and bears a memorial plaque to Raymond Torrey.

[4] Also excluded are features with the word “rock” in their names.

[5] “The Tracker: The True Story of Tom Brown Jr” as told to William Jon Watkins, 1986.

[6] Recounted in my book, “Running the Long Path:  A 350-mile Journey of Discovery in New York’s Hudson Valley”

[7] For more on Whitman see https://thelongbrownpath.com/2017/11/04/walt-whitmans-speciman-days/ and “Whitman and Wilmington,” The Long Brown Path, April 30, 2022

Chasing the Grid is available on Amazon!

Barefoot Peak-bagging in Harriman-Bear Mountain

Vision-questing in the Mountains: A Practical Guide

Hi!  I am finding it easier to write/publish on Substack.  So here is the link to my latest blogpost, and if you find my writing useful, please consider signing up there.

This is a slightly crazy blogpost — my key point is that “awe” is like protein – the most important macro in your spiritual/mental diet. Whereas social media/AI is like sugary processed food — unfulfilling.
 
All kidding aside, the post explains the practice of vision-questing, borrowing from the ideas of Carl Jung, the Swiss psychologist. Plus it contains snapshots of some of the more meaningful experiences during my personal mountain quest.
 
Visions don’t have to be psychedelic, hallucinatory experiences. They can be subtle connections and feelings. I feel like these experiences should form the backbone of our emotional lives, giving us the strength and depth to deal with the pragmatic decisions we’ve got to make every day. But maybe that’s just me — see what you think
Vision-questing in the Mountains: A Practical Guide

Live Fast — Stay in Control

If you want to go fast in an F-16 Fighting Falcon, it’s easy.  Just push the throttle forward all the way (this position is called “Military Power”) and then twist it to the left and push again to engage the afterburners.  Depending on aircraft configuration and atmospheric conditions, you might reach Mach 2.0 (roughly 1,300 miles per hour at high altitude).

But there’s a catch.  The afterburners, which dump fuel into the jet engine’s hot exhaust stream, burn a lot of fuel.  As much as 60,000 pounds per hour, which could deplete the aircraft’s load in something like 10 minutes.  Which is why afterburners are used sparingly, generally for take-off and during combat maneuvers.

If you go faster than you should and run low on fuel – no worries, probably there’s a mid-air refueling tanker, like the Boeing KC-46 Pegasus, circling around somewhere.  But you’ll need to slow down to match the tanker’s airspeed, typically around 300 knots per hour.  Even so, you have a very narrow envelope to operate in.  You do not want to approach the drogue basket trailing behind the tanker at faster than a walking pace.  Impact the drogue with too much force, and you could send a sinusoidal shock wave up the 80-yard hose to the tanker and down again, which could not only disrupt the connection, but possibly damage the aircraft’s fuel probe.  In which case you might have a serious problem, if you’re out of fuel and there’s no safe place to land nearby.

There’s a point here for all of us, even if we’re not piloting advanced fighter platforms.  You shouldn’t go fast if you’re not in control.

Stay. In. Control.

This theme applies throughout life – why, even to recreational runners.  Run too fast and you burn out and risk injury.  Runners who start out too fast in a marathon might crack a rueful joke about “crashing and burning.”  Actually, it’s not funny.

But forget running.  What about life?  What happens if you go to fast and don’t keep control?

Or let me ask the question a different way — how can we stay in control when we operate constantly at high speed?

Continue reading “Live Fast — Stay in Control”

Live Fast — Stay in Control

15,000 Miles Barefoot

Working in a bank a few years back, I saw that everything important was documented, allowing auditors to review decisions for compliance with policies and procedures.  Which begged the question — why wasn’t I documenting the important things in my life?

So, I opened a spreadsheet in Excel and created a training log.  The first entry dates back to February 15, 2013.  Evidently I ran 9 miles, although there is no indication of where or why or how it went.

Back then business travel took me to Florida from time to time, and I’d sometimes take advantage of a nearby beach to run barefoot – just for the novelty.  On July 10, 2013, I ran 5 miles barefoot on Vero Beach.  The following February, I ran 6 miles in Boca Raton.  The hard-packed sand felt frigid underfoot.

I don’t remember when I read Born to Run, but Chris MacDougall’s warning that shoes predispose us to injury struck a nerve.  Since I was struggling with running-related injuries at the time, I decided to conduct an experiment, although instead of running, I decided to try a barefoot hike.  On August 25, 2015, while on vacation in the Italian Alps, I walked up a nearby ski slope, and what I remember most was how the cows stared at me in wonder, as if they’d never seen a human without shoes before.  Two weeks later, back home in New York, I repeated the experiment on Peekamoose Mountain in the Catskills.

And then I went off the deep end.

Roughly one year later, I reached my 1,000th mile of barefoot training, comprised of running, hiking, and walking.  Speaking of documentation, this quirky accomplishment inspired me to write up a blog post in which I explained that barefoot running had been an “interesting experiment” based on the “calculated bet” that more natural form would prolong my useful running life.  I admitted to some surprise at the feeling of light-footedness, the exhilaration, the sense of a more direct connection with nature.  Even so, I had no idea where this odd journey was going to take me.

When I reached my 2,000th barefoot mile, I published a second blog post, and thereafter it became a habit upon reaching the next thousand-mile-marker to write about what I’d done and learned.  On June 22, 2025, I reached my 14,000th mile but skipped the report as I was busy — so here is my latest update, with the barefoot odometer now at 15,000 miles. Continue reading “15,000 Miles Barefoot”

15,000 Miles Barefoot

Reconnecting Emotions — An Essay Inspired by the “Masculinity Crisis”

In his Substack series, “Mindful Masculinity,” Rich D’Ambrosio comments on the crisis he sees impacting contemporary men.  There’s a conflict, he believes, between societal expectations, typically centered on traditional male roles of provider, fighter, stoic — and our personal intentions, which might be different.  Rich elaborated on this point in a podcast with Damon Mitchell, another Substack author writing on themes of masculinity and a coach for men.  During their discussion, Rich spoke of his long career at American Express, where his team focused relentlessly on sales goals.  But then confided what mattered to him most was to be a sensitive and loving father.  His point was that conflict between work goals and personal intentions creates huge pressure for men — can even leave us feeling “disconnected” from our emotions.

At first, I questioned Rich’s narrative.  I’m a stubborn man and purposeful.  I’ve never experienced a state of “disconnection,” nor have I observed this condition in others.

But few days later at a holiday party, a young man named K**** looked me in the eyes, distress written across his face, and blurted out “That’s exactly how I feel – and why I’m on anti-depressants.”  I’d tossed out the topic of emotional disconnection, curious to see what people thought. Continue reading “Reconnecting Emotions — An Essay Inspired by the “Masculinity Crisis””

Reconnecting Emotions — An Essay Inspired by the “Masculinity Crisis”

Run, Don’t Walk — Interpreting Thoreau’s “Walking” for the Age of AI

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Run, Don’t Walk — Interpreting Thoreau’s “Walking” for the Age of AI

Smart Grit, Stupid Grit, Old Grit, Young Grit

I’ve logged a lot of miles in Andrew Brown Park, located in the prosperous Dallas suburb of Coppell, as the smooth paved trails are easy on the feet.  Earlier this week, I showed up for a session of high-intensity interval training — specifically, a drill called “Yasso Splits,” which consists of 10 half-mile intervals at a fast pace, with ¼ mile recovery intervals in between.  Developed by Bart Yasso, the “mayor of running” and Runner’s World’s former Chief Running Officer, Yasso Splits force you to sustain an elevated heart rate, which is thought to be good training for a faster marathon.  To get through ten of these intervals takes a bit of grit.

I’ve been doing high-intensity interval training for almost 20 years, and Yasso Splits are one of my favorite workouts, although given the intensity, I approach them with a conservative attitude and, if I’m being honest, a touch of dread.  On the drive over to the park, I thought through all those years of accumulated experience and weighed them against more recent fitness indicators, and after due deliberation selected a target pace for the intervals of 7:30 per mile, with the recovery intervals to be run at plus-or-minus a 10-minute pace.  Then, after a moment of additional reflection, I decided to cut myself some slack – let’s go with a target range, call it 7:30-8:00 pace, with the goal being to maximize the training benefit, without taking on excessive risk. 

Risk?

Whenever you run, you take on risk.  Especially when running hard. 

The risk consists of the possibility that you might damage muscles, ligaments, tendons, and even bones.  There’s risk that an injury could derail your training goals, for example, spoil your plans for that upcoming race which you’ve been training for so intensely and which means so much to you. 

There’s the risk that injuries could become chronic.  Running is not just a sport, it’s a practice of self-empowerment and transcendence.  If you get sidelined, you’d have to find a new path to pursue these life-affirming goals.

So, when we talk about needing “grit” to complete a tough workout, the real question isn’t pushing through pain — it’s taking on risk.

Continue reading “Smart Grit, Stupid Grit, Old Grit, Young Grit”

Smart Grit, Stupid Grit, Old Grit, Young Grit

Warrior Moms

I pulled into the parking lot of a coffee shop to see my friend Kuay.  I’d met her at the local gym a few years back, when she invited me to join a group of swimmers she was coaching.  Afterwards, I hit the weights, saw her pedaling away on the stationary bike, learned that she was training for her next triathlon.

Now, as Kuay and I sat down at an outside table, I asked about the knee brace.  It provided much-appreciated support, she explained, following her run that morning, adding that her knee replacement surgery was scheduled in two weeks’ time.  She’d done her research and thought through the options.  Whether she’d be able to keep running was an open question.  Over the years, running had been a major part of her life, and she thought she would miss it.  Although she didn’t always enjoy it.

“I like getting to the end,” she explained.  But not every step along the way.  Especially the long training runs.

“Then why did you do so much?” I asked.

She thought about the question for a moment.  Acknowledged some of it might have been ego-driven, because she liked how she felt when she raced well.  But then observed that ego can be a valuable source of motivation.  Because she also raced for her daughters.  “When they started playing sports in school, I wanted to set an example.”

“So, you’re a warrior mom,” I said. Continue reading “Warrior Moms”

Warrior Moms

Winds

It was a cool morning in early November.  I was following a ridgeline in Harriman State Park, moving through open forest and across grassy knolls, sauntering easy and cheerful as the morning sun set the oak forest glowing in colors of tawny ocher and burnt orange — when suddenly the wind picked up.  It rolled in from the west without warning, jostled treetops, roared like a jet plane.  I zipped my jacket tighter, recognizing in the rough gusts the angry sound of winter.

That evening, I was chatting with my friend Stash Rusin, who’d recently climbed Cornell Mountain in the Catskills on a cold fall day, the sky overcast, the ground at elevation already dusted with snow as light as sugar frosting, although surprisingly no ice.  From the summit, he looked south, but a squall had pushed into the valley and blocked the mountain views.  He made his way through the woods to the north side of the summit and found himself in the middle of a maelstrom.  “The winds were 30-40-50 mph,” he recalled.  They made him feel “so excited – so alive.” Continue reading “Winds”

Winds